{"created":"2023-06-19T12:47:21.222126+00:00","id":7723,"links":{},"metadata":{"_buckets":{"deposit":"1cc4c681-4718-4276-aef1-db042d97c1e6"},"_deposit":{"created_by":3,"id":"7723","owners":[3],"pid":{"revision_id":0,"type":"depid","value":"7723"},"status":"published"},"_oai":{"id":"oai:tokyo-metro-u.repo.nii.ac.jp:00007723","sets":["465:475:478:479:1682"]},"author_link":["24469","24467","24472","24466","24470","24465","24468","24464","24471"],"item_3_alternative_title_19":{"attribute_name":"その他のタイトル","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_alternative_title":"Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis of fern gametophytes in the Ogasawara Islands"}]},"item_3_biblio_info_7":{"attribute_name":"書誌情報","attribute_value_mlt":[{"bibliographicIssueDates":{"bibliographicIssueDate":"2019-07","bibliographicIssueDateType":"Issued"},"bibliographicIssueNumber":"45","bibliographicPageEnd":"52","bibliographicPageStart":"21","bibliographic_titles":[{"bibliographic_title":"小笠原研究 = Ogasawara research"}]}]},"item_3_creator_2":{"attribute_name":"著者(ヨミ)","attribute_type":"creator","attribute_value_mlt":[{"creatorNames":[{"creatorName":"ヤマダ, アサヒ"}],"nameIdentifiers":[{"nameIdentifier":"24467","nameIdentifierScheme":"WEKO"}]},{"creatorNames":[{"creatorName":"ムラカミ, ノリアキ"}],"nameIdentifiers":[{"nameIdentifier":"24468","nameIdentifierScheme":"WEKO"}]},{"creatorNames":[{"creatorName":"カトウ, ヒデトシ"}],"nameIdentifiers":[{"nameIdentifier":"24469","nameIdentifierScheme":"WEKO"}]}]},"item_3_creator_3":{"attribute_name":"著者別名","attribute_type":"creator","attribute_value_mlt":[{"creatorNames":[{"creatorName":"Yamada, Asahi"}],"nameIdentifiers":[{"nameIdentifier":"24470","nameIdentifierScheme":"WEKO"}]},{"creatorNames":[{"creatorName":"Murakami, Noriaki"}],"nameIdentifiers":[{"nameIdentifier":"24471","nameIdentifierScheme":"WEKO"}]},{"creatorNames":[{"creatorName":"Kato, Hidetoshi"}],"nameIdentifiers":[{"nameIdentifier":"24472","nameIdentifierScheme":"WEKO"}]}]},"item_3_description_4":{"attribute_name":"抄録","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_description":"小笠原諸島における薗根共生系に関する研究は少なく、植物との相利的な共生関係が知られるAM苗（アーバスキュラー菌根菌）共生系の研究対象は被子植物に限られていた。AM菌感染はシダ植物においても確認されており、近年、配偶体にも生じることが報告された。配偶体は発達した根を持たないことから、定着時に胞子休よりも厳しい環境ストレスに晒されると考えられる。植物の環境ストレス耐性は、植物の根の代わりとなって土壊中の栄養分や水分を同収するAM菌の働きによって高められるため、AM菌感染が配偶体の定着に関与している可能性が考えられる。そこで本研究では、小笠原諸島におけるシダ類とAM菌の共生系に対する理解を深めるために、小笠原諸島産のシダ類配偶体のAM菌感染の実態と、シダ類-AM菌間の種特異性の有無を明らかにすることを目的とし、解剖学的手法によるAM菌感染の確認と、分子生物学的手法による感染AM菌種の推定を行った。材料は、父島・母島の計5地点で採取したシダ類の配偶体を用いた。採取した配偶体は2つに切り分け、一方を樹脂切片作製とトリパンプルー染色による観察、他方をシダ植物種とAM菌種の推定に使用した。シダ類配偶体の分子種同定によって、小笠原諸島に分布する10科15種のシダ類配偶休が得られていることがわかった。さらに樹脂切片の観察では、13種のシダ類配偶体内部にAM菌の樹枝状体様の菌糸構造が観察された。そのうち、3種のシダ類配偶体では、トリパンブルー染色によってAM菌のもう1つの特徴である無隔壁菌糸が観察された。そのため、これら3種の配偶体にAM菌感染が生じることがほぼ確実となった。また、4種のシダ類配偶体は菌感染率が100%であったことから、AM菌への依存性が強いことも示唆された。AM菌の分子種同定では、シダ類11種25個休からAM菌のrDNA領域の25配列が得られた。塩基配列の類似度が97%以上のものを同一のMOTU(分子操作的分類群）としてクラスタリングしたところ、AM菌2科3属（グロムス科のGlomus属とSeptoglomus属、アカウロスポラ科のAcaulospora属）の8MOTUs(Glo1-6,Sep1,Aca1)、未分類のAM菌が5MOTUs(Unc1-5)、相同性の高い既知配列が得られなかった5MOTUs(New1-5)の合計18MOTUsが検出された。また、シダ類6種（ヘゴ、ムニンエダウチホングウシダ、オガサワラハチジョウシダ、ケホシダ、オオシケシダ、キンモウイノデ）から複数のAM菌MOTUが検出されたことと、逆に、AM菌5MOTUs(New1,Glo4,Glo5,Unc3,Sep1)が、科の異なる複数種のシダ類から検出されたことから、小笠原諸島に生息するシダ類とAM菌の間に種特異的な関係がないことが示唆された。本研究によって検出された小笠原諸島産のAM菌のrDNA25配列には、海外（北米、中米、ヨーロッパ、アジア等）で登録されたAM菌既知配列と同一のクラスタ-(Glo1、Glo4、Glo5、Sep1、Aca1、Unc1、Unc2、Unc3、Unc5)を構成するものがあった。一方で、父島と母島の両島に全く同じ塩基配列をもったAM菌は見られなかった。この要因として、今回の調査におけるサンプル数の不足と、島の生物相の変化によるものという2つの可能性が考えられた。","subitem_description_type":"Abstract"},{"subitem_description":"The Ogasawara Islands are oceanic islands that locate 1,000 km south of the metropolitan Tokyo, and have unique and fragile ecosystems. It is very important to clarify ecosystem or connections among different kind of organisms living there for their relevant conservation. In the Ogasawara islands, plant-pollinator systems have been well studied. In contrast, there are very few studies on mycorrhizal symbiosis. Especially, study on arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis, which is known as one of the important mutual relationship for land plants is few. The AM symbiosis was reported to promotes plant growth and increases tolerance against environmental stress. AM colonization is known in ferns, even in their gametophytes. Gametophyte seems to suffer more than sporophytes by environmental stress during their establishment to new habitats. Therefore, AM symbiosis may play more important roles in fern gametophytes growing in oceanic islands. However, no study has been conducted on AM symbiosis of ferns in the Ogasawara Islands. That is the reason why I studied AM colonization in fern gametophytes there. In the present study, fern gametophytes were collected at 5 localities in the Ogasawara Islands (Chichijima and Hahajima). The samples were divided into two pieces, one was used for resin section preparation or trypan blue staining for detecting AM fungi. The remaining half was used for species identification of ferns and AM fungi colonizing in fern gametophytes. Nucleotide sequences of chloroplast rbcL gene of ferns and the 28S rDNA region of AM fungi were directly sequenced for their DNA barcoding. As a result of molecular identification of the sampled gametophytes, 15 species (10 families) of ferns were identified. Most fern gametophytes were obtained from the islands where their sporophytes are also distributed. However, the gametophytes of the following two species: Diplazium wichurae (Mett.) Diels and Osmunda banksiifolia (C.Presl) Kuhn) were collected also from the island (Chichijima or Hahajima) where the distribution of their sporophytes was not recorded. These results suggested that fern spore moves between the islands which are about 50 km apart. By the observation of resin sections of the sampled gametophytes, arbuscule-like hyphal structure was detected in the 13 gametophyte samples. Aseptate hyphae (another character of AM fungi) were also observed in the gametophytes of three fern species by trypan blue staining. The AM colonization was revealed in these fern species growing in the Ogasawara Islands. In total, 25 rDNA sequences of AM fungi were obtained from the gametophytes of 11 fern species. The AM colonization of ferns in the Ogasawara Islands was confirmed by this molecular analysis of AM fungi. In the molecular phylogenetic tree based on the rDNA sequences, 18 MOTUs, each with more than 97% of sequence similarities were recognized. Among them, 8 MOTUs (Glo1~6, Sep1, Aca1) belonged to three genera of AM fungi (Glomus, Septoglomus, and Acaulospora), 5 MOTUs (Unc1~5) belonged to unclassified AM fungi, and the remaining 5 MOTUs (New1~5) belonged to AM fungi whose similar sequences were not found in the DNA data bank. There was no AM rDNA sequences, which were detected both from Chichijima and Hahajima. Multiple AM MOTUs were detected from the gametophytes of 6 fern species. Moreover, 5 AM MOTUs were detected from multiple species of ferns. These results suggested that there is no species-specific relationships between ferns and AM fungi in the Ogasawara Islands. Some AM MOTUs included the sequences of AM fungi from North America, Central America, Europe, Asia, etc. On the other hand, no AM rDNA detected in this study having exactly the same nucleotide sequence between Chichijima and Hahajima as mentioned above. Two possibilities were considered to explain these results. (1) Number of samples analyzed in this study was too limited comparing with very large AM flora in the Ogasawara Islands. (2) The AM flora were differentiated even between Chichijima and Hahajima by the human impacts to change the biota of the islands.","subitem_description_type":"Abstract"}]},"item_3_description_40":{"attribute_name":"資源タイプ","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_description":"postprint","subitem_description_type":"Other"}]},"item_3_publisher_33":{"attribute_name":"出版者","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_publisher":"首都大学東京小笠原研究委員会"}]},"item_3_source_id_10":{"attribute_name":"書誌レコードID","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_source_identifier":"AN00032332","subitem_source_identifier_type":"NCID"}]},"item_3_source_id_8":{"attribute_name":"ISSN","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_source_identifier":"03868176","subitem_source_identifier_type":"ISSN"}]},"item_3_version_type_16":{"attribute_name":"著者版フラグ","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_version_resource":"http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85","subitem_version_type":"VoR"}]},"item_creator":{"attribute_name":"著者","attribute_type":"creator","attribute_value_mlt":[{"creatorNames":[{"creatorName":"山田, 旭"}],"nameIdentifiers":[{}]},{"creatorNames":[{"creatorName":"村上, 哲明"}],"nameIdentifiers":[{}]},{"creatorNames":[{"creatorName":"加藤, 英寿"}],"nameIdentifiers":[{}]}]},"item_files":{"attribute_name":"ファイル情報","attribute_type":"file","attribute_value_mlt":[{"accessrole":"open_date","date":[{"dateType":"Available","dateValue":"2019-10-28"}],"displaytype":"detail","filename":"20001-045-003.pdf","filesize":[{"value":"6.5 MB"}],"format":"application/pdf","licensetype":"license_note","mimetype":"application/pdf","url":{"label":"20001-045-003.pdf","url":"https://tokyo-metro-u.repo.nii.ac.jp/record/7723/files/20001-045-003.pdf"},"version_id":"a8d2e993-5645-499f-9a05-42840a3020dd"}]},"item_keyword":{"attribute_name":"キーワード","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_subject":"AM菌","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"小笠原諸島","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"共生","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"シダ類配偶体","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"分子操作的分類群","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi","subitem_subject_language":"en","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"Fern gametophytes","subitem_subject_language":"en","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"Molecular operational taxonomic units","subitem_subject_language":"en","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"Ogasawara islands","subitem_subject_language":"en","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"Symbiosis","subitem_subject_language":"en","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"}]},"item_language":{"attribute_name":"言語","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_language":"jpn"}]},"item_resource_type":{"attribute_name":"資源タイプ","attribute_value_mlt":[{"resourcetype":"departmental bulletin paper","resourceuri":"http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501"}]},"item_title":"小笠原諸島産シダ類配偶体におけるAM菌感染の実態及び菌相の解明","item_titles":{"attribute_name":"タイトル","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_title":"小笠原諸島産シダ類配偶体におけるAM菌感染の実態及び菌相の解明"}]},"item_type_id":"3","owner":"3","path":["1682"],"pubdate":{"attribute_name":"公開日","attribute_value":"2019-11-11"},"publish_date":"2019-11-11","publish_status":"0","recid":"7723","relation_version_is_last":true,"title":["小笠原諸島産シダ類配偶体におけるAM菌感染の実態及び菌相の解明"],"weko_creator_id":"3","weko_shared_id":3},"updated":"2023-06-19T16:11:43.878145+00:00"}