@article{oai:tokyo-metro-u.repo.nii.ac.jp:00005591,
 author = {Nakabayashi, Itsuki and 中林, 一樹},
 issue = {61},
 journal = {総合都市研究},
 month = {},
 note = {本研究は、次の二つの視点から、阪神・淡路大震災の教訓を生かした防災対策の方向を検討したものである。第一の視点は、阪神・淡路大震災から20ヶ月後の時点での、この都市型地震災害の全体像を、発災から復興にいたるプロセスとして把握する試みである。そのために、災害の事象毎の発災から復旧・復興に向けての事態の推移をイベント・マトリックスとして把握することを試みた。第二の視点は、阪神・淡路大震災以降全国で進行している震災対策の見直しとして、災害対策基本法に基づく地域防災計画の改定の方向を検討することである。そのため、国レベルとして防災基本計画、都道府県レベルとして東京都、自治体レベルとして中心的な被災地でもある神戸市の、各々の地域防災計画に着目し、その見直しの内容と方向を比較検討した。これらの検討を通して、わが国の都市地域における地震防災対策の課題とその基本的方向として、以下の6つのシステムの構築の重要性を指摘した。①事前復興としての「防災まちづくりシステム」②即時被害予測技術を組み込んだ「緊急対応行動システム」③公平な「被災者救済システム」④被災地域の復興につなげる「被災者暫定居住システム」⑤被災者参加による「復興まちづくりシステム」⑥災害保険としての「防災先行投資システム」, In this paper, the author would like to overview the damages of the Hanshin-Awaji Earthquke and recovery process during 20 months after the Earthquake, and also to suggest the lessons learned from this earthquake disaster. 1. Characteristics of the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake This disaster is the biggest one since 1923 when the great Kanto Earthquake occurred. Table 1 shows comparatively the characteristics of both earthquakes. The damages of the great Kanto earthquake, especially in Tokyo, were caused by big fire after a shock. On the other hand, the damages of the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake are caused by the intensive shaking of earthquake in only ten seconds. There are three fortunes not to enlarge the damages and effectiveness in case of the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake. The first is the occurence time of earthquake, which is the early morning of 5:46 AM. It made less of fires and the member of each family were in home together. They could work in twelve hours for emergency until darkness of night. The second is that the weather was fine and there is no wind in spite of winter. The condition of no wind decreased the speed of enlargement of fire. The third is that the secondary damages after the earthquake such as explosion of leaking gas, landslide of loosed lands by rainfall are not occured. 2. General Figure of the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake The earthquake caused not only a great damages of infrastructures, buildings, houses and the various facilities, but also a lot of human and economic losses. In order to learn from the earthquake, the general figure of earthquake must be analysed totally. The author make tne event-matrix, which means the processes of recovery of various disastrous events such as damages of traffic systems, houses and buildings, residential systems, life-line facilities and so on. 3. Recovery/Reconstruction process in the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake Disaster Table 3 shows the the date of recovery of infrastructures such as life-line facilities, railway and moterway, and also the recovery/reconstruction rates of dwellings, economic activities and so on. The reconstruction of infrastructure was completed in one year or less. However the recovery of dwelling, decreased population and economic activities of small scale businesses are delayed. 4/5. Lessons from the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquke and Direction of Mitigation Measures. The author would like to suggest six kinds of lessons Iron the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake as the direction of earthquake mitigation measures. Figure 3 shows the lessons as follows;1) Making a safe and worry-free city, 2) Emergency operation system with real-time seismic technologies, 3) Relief and aid system with volunteer's activitites, 4) Recovery and rebuilding system of life and dwellings, 5) Rational reconstruction system of damaged area and city,6) Promotion system of private investment for disaster prevention., postprint},
 pages = {211--234},
 title = {阪神・淡路大震災の全体像と防災対策の方向},
 year = {1996}
}