@article{oai:tokyo-metro-u.repo.nii.ac.jp:00005466,
 author = {Kosaka, Shunkichi and 小坂, 俊吉},
 issue = {51},
 journal = {総合都市研究},
 month = {},
 note = {地震時の人的被害の特徴は津波や火災によるものを除けば、負傷者の多くが屋内でしかも揺れの最中に発生している。これらの人的被害や火災被害を低減するためには、家庭の地震防災力を向上させて大地震にも耐えうる安全性を確保することが重要である。家庭の地震防災力の向上は、防災教育や啓蒙活動によって災害時の室内環境や対応行動の実態を理解させ、災害時対応力を高めるとともに、良好な室内環境を形成していくことにかかっている。著者は家庭の地震防災力を評価することを目標に、1987年千葉県東方沖地震直後の銚子市・水戸市・いわき市の住民4,200名に対しアンケート調査を行い、人間行動と周辺環境および地震の強さとの関係を定量的に把握した。結論として、1) 震度II^+ とIII|-の間に地震に対する防災的対応行動の閾値が存在し、この値以上の揺れになると、人々は様々な防災的行動を起こすこと、2) 咄嗟の行動意識は消火器具への対応が多いが、震度V^-以上ではそれが減少し、かわって子供を守るなどの行動意識が増加すること、3)震度がV^+からは机の下に入る、外に逃げ出すといった消極的防災行動が主要な行動となること、4)移動の可否からみた行動能力は震度Vから急激に低下し、特に高齢者・障害者の行動が困難になること、5)火気器具等の使用にあたっては、同ーの室内から離れるべきでないこと、6)本地震を体験した人々はその後に発生した地震において適切な対応行動をとるようになったこと等を明らかにした。, Except for casualties due to subsequent fires and tibal waves，most earthquake casualties sre people injured in their homes during the earthquake. We must therefore make houses safer and less vuluerable to earthquakes. Through education on disaster prevention and practice drills，the general public should have a better understanding of how to react in their homes when an earthquake occurs. The author，with the objective of minimizing household damage due to earthquakes，conducted a questionnaire survey involving 4,200 citizen in the cities of Choshi，Mito and Iwaki immediately after the Chibaken-Toho-Oki Earthquake，to investigate the quantitative relationship among human responses，the surrounding environment and the strength of the quake. The cunclusions are as follows: 1) The threshold of human response to prevent disaster was reached with the quake with intensity of between II^+ and III^- on the Japanese seismic scale. Stronger quakes than this prompt people begin taking preventive action. 2) When they fe1t the earthquake，the presentive measure of most concern to the largest percentage of the respondents，30% was instantly to extinguish naked flames，i.e.，they turned off their gas stoves. From an intensity of V^- onwards on the Japanese Seismic scale，however，the other presentive responses assumed an equal importance. 3) Up until level V^-, people took action to protect their surrounding environment; such as turning off the gas，opening doors or windows and protecting their children. But from level V^+ onwards，people increasingly took action to save their own lives，such as hiding under tables or running out of their houses. 4) Frpm level V onwards，people's ability to even move drastically decreased，particularly among the elderly and the habdicapped. This suggested that in order to efficiently turn off a gas appliance，the person must be in the same room as it. 5) People experiencing this earthquake were able to respond more adequately later when another earthquake occurred., postprint},
 pages = {59--76},
 title = {地震時の人間行動に関する研究 : その4 : 1987年千葉県東方沖地震},
 year = {1993}
}