@article{oai:tokyo-metro-u.repo.nii.ac.jp:00004849,
 author = {Kosaka, Shunkichi and Shiono, Keishi and 小坂, 俊吉 and 塩野, 計司},
 issue = {17},
 journal = {総合都市研究},
 month = {},
 note = {地震時の負傷を防止するためには，負傷の直接的原因のみならず，ゆれの発生から負傷に到る一連の過程を把握し，負傷の発生機構を理解することが必要である。本報告では1982年浦河沖地震を例として，負傷の発生機構を考察している。調査研究のあらましと，そこから得られた結果を次に挙げる。1) 被災地域の町役場より公表された負傷者リストをもとに，負傷者発生率と年齢・性別・震度の関係，負傷原因と震度の関係を分析した。その結果，負傷の発生に関与する要素として，ゆれ・環壊・人間(肉体的・心理的状態と行動)という三者の重要性が示唆された。2) 上述の3つの要素とそれら相互の作用関係の実態を把握するために，負傷者を対象としたアンケート調査を実施した。本報告では主に，単純集計の結果を示した。3) 非負傷者を対象として同様の調査を行ない，負傷者と非負傷者の比較を通じて，負傷の発生機構を検討した。単純集計の結果を比較する限りにおいても，いくつかの項目で負傷者と非負傷者の違いが見られ，今後の解析の糸口が見い出された。, One of the critical problems in earthquake disaster prevention is to find a way of reducing human casualties. Counterplans for preventing death during an earthquake have long been studied and death rate remarkably decreased in recent earthquakes. Injuries accompanied with an earthquake have been scarcely surveyed and almost no counterplan has been considered. Although death is the worst stage of human casualty，seriosness of an injury is also self-evident. Injury is the most urgent problem today under a condition that an occurrence of death is controllable to a certain extent. Through studies in order to prevent death，remarkable suggestions have been obtained from an evaluation of direct causes，e.g. collapse of a manmade structure，landslide and the falling of objects. In case of injuries，similar approach is not sufficient. Consideration of indirect causes toward an occurrence of an injury is indispensable in addition to direct causes. This general idea was derived from an analysis of the data (lists of injured persons) announced by three town offices of Urakawa，Mitsuishi and Shizunai a few days after the Urakawa-oki earthquake of 1982. The following must be taken into account. 1. quake (severity of earthquake ground motion) 2. environment (an occurrence of dangerous state during and after an earthquake; actions of persons around) 3. human state and action (physical and psychological state which interacts human actions; actions which prevent an occurrence of a dangerous state and drive a person into or put him apart from an injury) To elucidate actual state of indirect causes，a field survey was carried out in a damaged area of the Urakawa-oki earthquake. One-hundred and eleven injured people (about seventy-five percent of the entire number in the area) were investigated by means of a questionnaire method partially complemented by interview. Actual process of an occurrence of an injury began to be revealed as both direct and indirect causes were discovered. To detect environmental state and human actions that drive a person into a casualty，those of injured and not-injured persons were compared. Fifty-three housewives who experienced almost the same severity of earthquake ground motions but were not injured，were investigated and compared with fifty-one injured housewives. Some different phases between the injured and notinjured persons were detected. Existence of people around the investigated persons，responses to environmental conditions and so on are different. These are expected to be effective keys for elucidating the mechanism of an occurrence of an injury., postprint},
 pages = {85--108},
 title = {地震による負傷者について : 1982年浦河沖地震を例とした予備的考察・その1},
 year = {1983}
}