@article{oai:tokyo-metro-u.repo.nii.ac.jp:00003105,
 author = {ハマダ, ジュンイチ and ヤマシタ, コウゾウ and カナモリ, シュンスケ and ヨコヤマ, ヒトシ and マツモト, ジュン and タカハシ, ユキヒロ and Hamada, Jun-Ichi and Yamashita, Kozo and Takahashi, Yukihiro and Kanamori, Shunsuke and Yokohama, Hitoshi and Matsumoto, Jun},
 journal = {Geographical reports of Tokyo Metropolitan University},
 month = {},
 note = {An Extremely Low Frequency−Very Low Frequency (ELF−VLF) radio wave
observation network system in the Tokyo metropolitan area has been newly established to detect
lightning activity and investigate the characteristics of heavy rainfall induced by thunderstorms.
The VLF electromagnetic waveforms induced by lightning (commonly known as “sferics”) were
observed at three sites (Hachioji, Yokosuka, and Koto) from the Baiu season until mid-summer
2013. The observed VLF sferics were used to detect lightning frequency and estimating the
geo-locate the lightning source according to the time of arrival (TOA) method. The preliminary
results suggest that this system could detect the lightning signals from convective cloud systems,
despites differences in detection sensitivity and diurnal cycles between sites. Further studies are
required to optimize the observation network system and refine the VLF sferics analysis method to
enable the collection of high-accuracy, Article},
 pages = {13--22},
 title = {Overview of lightning observation network with ELF-VLF electromagnetic measurements over Tokyo Metropolitan Area},
 volume = {49},
 year = {2014}
}